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Animals

Posted on Edited on In Valine:
3.1k 11 mins.

今天这篇文章，我们会了解一下世界各地的动物们。在此之前，我们先回顾一下世界地图。

🗺️Continents

Asia /‘eɪ.ʒə/ 亚洲

亚洲是七大洲中面积最大、人口最多的一个州。中文全称是亚细亚洲，意思是“太阳升起的地方” 。相传亚细亚的名称是由古代腓尼基人（Phoenician）所起。频繁的海上活动，要求腓尼基人必须确定方位。他们把爱琴海以东的地方泛称为“Asu”，即“日出地”；而把爱琴海以西的地方成为“Ereb”，即“日落地”。 因此，Asia一词就由腓尼基语的Asu演化而言，但当时所指的地域并不明确。到公元前一世纪Asia已成为罗马帝国的一个行政省名称，以后才逐渐扩大，包括现在的整个亚洲地区，成为最大的洲名。

Europe /‘jʊə.rəp/ 欧洲

欧洲的全称是欧罗巴洲。在希腊神话中，腓尼基公主欧罗巴受到主神宙斯的爱慕，被其带到另一个大陆，后来这个大陆便被命名为欧罗巴，也就是现在的欧洲。此外，在天文学上，科学家们也用Europa来命名木星（Jupiter）的第二颗卫星。地理上，亚欧大陆也就是Eurasia.

Africa /‘æfrɪkə/ 非洲

Africa来自古罗马人对非洲土著人的称呼Afer（复数形式为Afri）。Afer一词的来源不详，有人说来自古罗马人的死对头、北非的迦太基人对周围的非洲土著人的称呼，也有人Afer一词说来自非洲土著之一的柏柏尔人的语言ifri（洞穴），表示“穴居人”。

在古罗马帝国时期，Afer成了罗马人对非洲人的统一称呼。罗马人将地中海以南的地方称作Africa terra（land of the Afri）。历史上古罗马为了巩固自己的超级大国地位通过三次布匿战争，即与古迦太基(Ancient Carthage)进行的一系列战争史称——“布匿战争”（the Punic War)。打败迦太基后，罗马在北非建立了一个行省，称为Africa Proconsularis（阿非利加行省）。当时，Africa指的仅仅是北非的一小块区域，后来范围不断扩大，直到表示整个非洲。

North America 北美洲

South America 南美洲

我们知道美洲大陆是由哥伦布（Christopher Columbus）发现的，但是美洲并没有以他的名字命名，这是因为他并不认为这是一块新大陆，一直以为自己来到的是亚洲，因此将当地的土著称作”Indians”，为了避免与真正的印度人混淆，英语和其他欧洲语言中称印地安人为“西印度人” (Wester Indians) ，而将真正的印度人称为“东印度人” (Easter Indians) 。汉语翻译时则直接把“西印度人”翻译成“印第安人”，从而避免了混淆。

但从16世纪开始，“哥伦比亚”（Columbia也就是Columbus的阴性词态），就是整个美洲的称呼之一，美国的首都华盛顿哥伦比亚特区（Washington, District of Columbia）也以Columbia冠名，以纪念哥伦布发现新大陆。

Oceania /ˌəʊʃɪˈɑːniə/ 大洋洲

大洋洲从词根来看，就是ocean，海洋的意思。

Antarctica /æn’tɑ:kˌtɪk/ 南极洲

中国的古人用北斗七星来辨别北方，西方人则用包含了北斗七星的“大熊星座”来辨识北方。希腊语arktos表示“熊”，引申表示“大熊星座”。因此正对着大熊星座的方向就被称为arctic ，也就是“北极的”。背对大熊星座的方向就是antarctic(南极的)，所以，南极洲的命名就是 the Antarctica。

🐼Animals

Okay，餐前小点享受完了，我们正式进入正题。


        

           


The elephant lives in Africa and in Asia. This elephant lives in Africa. It eats plants and a little fruit, but it doesn’t eat meat. It likes water. 


There are only about 1,800 pandas in China and about 200 of them live in zoos. The panda eats about 30 kilos of bamboo a day, as well as other plants. This black and white animal is the favourite of people all over the world.


The zebra is an African animal. Like the panda, it’s black and white. It eats plants and leaves, as well as grass, but the zebra doesn’t eat bamboo. 


The tiger lives in Asia. It usually lives alone. It likes water and is good at swimming. It’s strong and catches /kætʃɪz/ （v. 抓） many kinds of animals for food.


Monkeys live in Africa, Asia and America. There are about 200 kinds of monkey. Monkeys eat meat, leaves, fruit and even eggs!


​             




​    


🌿Reading Comprehension
Fast Reading
    

  1. Where can you see the passage?
    

    A. In a shop
    B. In a hotel
    C. In a zoo
    

    This passage gives information（信息）about the five kinds of animals so people can know better（更好地） about the animals. 
    

    2. 

  2. How many animals are mentioned in the passage? What are they?
    

    3. 



Careful Reading
1. Read the passage and complete the table.





Elephants
Pandas
Zebras
Tigers
Monkeys





Home









Food










2. Read paragraph 1 and answer the following questions
    

  1. Where does this elephant live?
    2. 

  2. What does this elephant like?
    3. 



3. Read paragraph 2 and match the number with facts
pandas in China                   30


pandas in zoos                                                                                1800


bamboo and other plants pandas eat a day                          200


4. Read paragraph 3-5 and check the true sentences
    

  1. The zebra eats leaves, grass as well as bamboo.   (     )
    2. 

  2. The tiger lives with other animals.  (    )
    3. 

  3. The tiger can’t swim. (    )
    4. 

  4. The tiger is strong and dangerous. (    )
    5. 

  5. There are many different kinds of monkeys in the world. (    )
    6. 

  6. Monkeys eat meat, leaves, and fruit and even eggs. (    )
    7. 



5. Read paragraph 5 and fill in the blanks.
There are about ______ kinds of monkeys. We can find monkey in _______, _____ and _________. Monkeys eat ______, ______, _______ and even eggs.


6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and expressions from the box.




African     a little        grass            kilo            only            world






    

  1. The elephant eats __________ fruit.
    2. 

  2. The pandas eats about 30 _______ of bamboo a day.
    3. 

  3. The zebra eats plants, leaves and ________ but not bamboo.
    4. 

  4. There are _______ about 1,800 pandas in China.
    5. 

  5. Monkeys live in many countries all over the _______ but not in Europe.
    6. 

  6. You can find elephants in Africa and Asia, but zebras are only _______ animals.
    7. 



🌻Language Points
1️⃣ Continents 洲
	前面的都是名词，后面都是形容词，举个🌰:




The lion comes from Africa and it is an African animal.
African elephants live in family groups called herds. 非洲象生活在被称为“群”的家庭团体中。




2️⃣ The elephants lives in Africa and in Asia.
​	the + 可数名词单数


the elephant 表示大象这一类动物。在英语中，我们常用“the + 可数名词单数”来表示一类事物，当它用作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。举个🌰：




The panda comes from China. 熊猫来自中国。




或者我们也可以用可数名词复数形式来表示类别，此时谓语动词用复数形式：




 Pandas come from China. 




​	live in… 生活在……




The Whites live in London. 怀特一家人生活在伦敦。
Monkeys live in Africa, Asia and America. 




3️⃣ There are only about 1800 pandas in China
我们来复习一下about的用法，about作副词，是“大约”的意思；作介词，是“关于”的意思。




There are about twenty people in the room. 房间里大约有20个人。
This is a book about animals. 这是一本关于动物的书。




4️⃣ The panda eats about 30 kilos of bamboo a day, as well as other plants
as well as


一般情况下，我们认为“as well as”相当于“and”，但“A and B”强调AB两者的重要程度是一样的，而“A as well as B”，更加强调前者A，因此这个句子的意思是：




熊猫一天除了吃其他的植物，还要吃掉大约30公斤的竹子。（30公斤的竹子是重点，其他的植物是补充）




更多的🌰来体会一下as well as，但其实大家也不需要过于纠结。




He grows flowers as well as vegetables in his garden.
他在花园里中了花，也中了些蔬菜。（种花是重点；种菜是补充）


Students should pursue their own interests, as well as do their school work.
学生不仅要做功课，而且要追求自己的兴趣。（追求兴趣是重点；做功课是补充）




other


我们来简单聊一聊other，这个词与 others, the other, the others, another堪称中学英语一大难点。


目前，在这个句子中，other用作形容词，表示其他的，比如：




other countries 其他国家
other students 其他学生




此外，other 可以用作代词，也是在这个基础上，才引申出了others, the other 和 the others, 他们之间的区别，大家可以参考这个视频:


你能分清other, others, the other, the others, another, one another?


一次搞不明白，没关系，多看几遍就好了，这应该是全网最清楚的解释了。


5️⃣ all over the world 全世界
This black and white animals is the favourite of people all over the world. 这种黑白相间的动物是全世界人民的最爱。


这个词大家应该蛮熟的了，还记得你们背的这个句子吗？




I want to makes friends with young people from all over the world.
我想要和来自世界各地的年轻人交朋友。


Families celebrate birthdays with cakes and candles all over the world.
世界各地的家庭都会用蛋糕和蜡烛庆祝生日。


Chinese learning is popular with people all over the world.
汉语学习受到全世界人民的喜爱。




同义短语：around the world


6️⃣ It usually lives alone
我们需要区分一下alone和lonely两个词，alone可以用作形容词或副词，表示“单独的”或“独自地”，举个🌰：




I live alone.
我独自居住。这里的alone用作副词，修饰动词


I don’t like the man and I’m not alone in that (= other people  agree).
我不喜欢那个人，而且并不是我一个人这样觉得。这里的alone是形容词。




lonely只能用作形容词，表示情感上“孤独的，寂寞的”




She gets lonely because she has no friends here.
她感到有些孤独，因为她在这儿没有一个朋友。


She always feels lonely without books.
没有书相伴，她总是感到寂寞。




7️⃣ It’s strong and catches many kinds of animals for food.
catch /kætʃ/


 v. 抓住（catch —- caught —- caught; 现在分词: catching; 第三人称单数: catches）




Where did you catch the fish? 你在哪儿捕到了这条鱼？




 v. 赶上




We’re just in time to catch the train.  我们正好赶上了火车。




many kinds of … 许多种类的……


这里的kind表示种类的意思。




There are many kinds of food in a supermarket.
超级市场里有很多种食品。




8️⃣ Monkeys eat meat, leaves, fruit and even eggs!
 even  adv. 甚至




 Even a child knows all this.  这种事连小孩都知道。




🌷Supplementary Reading
以下两篇文章都是由ChatGPT生成的。第一篇比较简单，是关于不同常见动物的描述，大家来猜一猜它是什么动物吧？


    

  1. It is a cute animal. It hops around and eats carrots. Its ears are long and its tail is short. People like it because it’s soft and friendly. What is it? 
    2. 

  2. They live in the water. They swim and have scales. They eat tiny things in the water. Some of them are colourful, and they make aquariums pretty. What are they? 
    3. 

  3. They are a kind of bird and they like water. They quack and have webbed feet. They often eat small bugs and swim in ponds. People sometimes feed（喂）them bread. What are they?
    4. 

  4. They are furry pets. They meow and like to sleep a lot. They sometimes catch mice. People like keeping them at home. What are they? 
    5. 

  5. They are friendly animals. They bark and love to play fetch. They are good friends to people. They come in different sizes and colours. What are they?
    6. 



请把答案敲在评论区吧！


下面这篇相对来说有难度，来试试吧！


The kangaroo is a special animal from Australia（澳大利亚）. It’s known for its big jumps with powerful legs. Kangaroos eat grass and plants. They’re friendly animals and sometimes hop around in groups. Kangaroos have a pouch. They use it to carry their babies called joeys. 


Penguins（企鹅） are interesting birds that live in cold places, like Antarctica. They are excellent swimmers and love to slide on the ice. Penguins eat fish and other small creatures（生物）from the sea. They have a unique black and white colour. It makes them stand out.


Butterflies are beautiful insects in many colours. They start as caterpillars（毛毛虫）and then turn into butterflies. Butterflies drink nectar（花蜜） from flowers with their long, thin tongues. People all over the world enjoy watching butterflies flutter around.


The turtle is a slow and steady reptile（爬行动物）. It lives both on land and in the water. Turtles have a hard shell that protects them. They eat plants and small creatures. Turtles move at their own pace and are fascinating to observe.


大家试试在评论区翻译一下这篇文章吧！


附：为了缓解Stella的运营负担，以后的文章不再提供参考答案，请大家充分利用评论区吧！


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